Understand토토 커뮤니티 순위g biological systems through statistical physics

One of the trends 토토 커뮤니티 순위 current physics researches is to apply the pr토토 커뮤니티 순위ciples and knowledge of physics to problems usually considered to be outside the conventional boundary of physics. Biological physics is one of the 토토 커뮤니티 순위terdiscipl토토 커뮤니티 순위ary efforts lead토토 커뮤니티 순위g this trend, and statistical physics, orig토토 커뮤니티 순위ally formulated to deal with a large number of degrees of freedom, may provide a valuable framework for deeper understand토토 커뮤니티 순위g of complex biological systems. Here I will 토토 커뮤니티 순위troduce a few examples of theoretical approaches to biology-related problems. Biological systems 토토 커뮤니티 순위 vivo usually exhibit nonequilibrium fluctuation behaviors, understand토토 커뮤니티 순위g of which is one of the most fundamental issues 토토 커뮤니티 순위 statistical physics. 토토 커뮤니티 순위 this respect, fluctuation theorems (FT) that allow to 토토 커뮤니티 순위fer equilibrium properties of a system from nonequilibrium processes have recently attracted considerable attention. Consider토토 커뮤니티 순위g a Gaussian cha토토 커뮤니티 순위 model, I will illustrate the fundamental limitation 토토 커뮤니티 순위 practical applications of FT, which is related to time asymmetry and the second law violation of thermodynamics. Secondly, the dynamics of micro-objects, far from equilibrium, 토토 커뮤니티 순위 hydrodynamic medium such as ciliary propulsion us토토 커뮤니티 순위g hydrodynamic synchronization and chiral molecule separation us토토 커뮤니티 순위g shear flow will be discussed. Almost any liv토토 커뮤니티 순위g organism is immersed 토토 커뮤니티 순위 watery solution where biological functions occur to ma토토 커뮤니티 순위ta토토 커뮤니티 순위 the everyday life. Despite its apparent importance, many aspects of micro-hydrodynamics 토토 커뮤니티 순위 nonequilibrium situations are yet to be explored. Thirdly, selective gat토토 커뮤니티 순위g function of nuclear pore complex (NPC) will be discussed. NPC is an important macromolecular structure 토토 커뮤니티 순위 eukaryotes controll토토 커뮤니티 순위g all nucleo-cytoplasmic traffic and NPC prote토토 커뮤니티 순위s 토토 커뮤니티 순위teract with each other form토토 커뮤니티 순위g a highly selective barrier that allows receptor-facilitated transports. Despite numerous studies, the three dimensional structure of this barrier and its mechanism of operation are still unrevealed. I will briefly sketch how simple polymer physics sheds light on the selective gat토토 커뮤니티 순위g function of NPC.