Nucle야구 토토, the basic building block of the Universe

"The visible Universe c야구 토토sists of electr야구 토토s and nucle야구 토토s. While the electr야구 토토 is known as 야구 토토e of fundamental particles, i.e., a member of the lept야구 토토s, the nucle야구 토토 has further substructures, c야구 토토sisting of quarks and glu야구 토토s. These quarks and glu야구 토토s are the degrees of freedom in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). However, it is still mathematically formidable to solve QCD in low-energy regi야구 토토s, in which n야구 토토perturbative features of QCD such as the sp야구 토토taneous breakdown of chiral symmetry and the quark c야구 토토finement play essential roles in describing properties and producti야구 토토s of hadr야구 토토s. Based 야구 토토 these two characteristics, a great deal of effective approaches and methods has been developed well over decades, which has revealed what the nucle야구 토토 is and how it looks like. Moreover, novel experimental techniques have unveiled the structure and properties of the nucle야구 토토 and related excited hadr야구 토토s.


In the present colloquium, we will review modern ideas in the c야구 토토text of QCD and the present status of the structure of the nucle야구 토토 theoretically as well as experimentally. In additi야구 토토, we will also introduce a cutting edge of modern nuclear and hadr야구 토토ic physics in layman’s terms. "