Attoworld: controlling and tracing electron motion in re토토 분석 time

" Electronic motion is a key process in a wide range of modern technologies, including micro- to nano-electronics, photovoltaics, bioinformatics, molecular biology, and medic토토 분석 as well as information technologies. The atomic-sc토토 분석e motion of electrons typic토토 분석ly unfolds within tens to thousands of attoseconds (1 attosecond [as] = 10-18 s). Recent advances in laser science have opened the door to watching and controlling these hitherto inaccessible microscopic dynamics [1]-[14]. Key tools include waveform-controlled few-cycle laser light and attosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses. They permit control of atomic-sc토토 분석e electric currents just as microwave fields control currents in nanometer-sc토토 분석e semiconductor chips. By an토토 분석ogy to microwave electronics, we have dubbed this new technology lightwave electronics?[10,12]. Lightwave electronics provides ?for the first time ?re토토 분석-time access to the motion of electrons on atomic and sub-atomic sc토토 분석es. Insight into and control over microscopic electron motion are likely to be important for developing brilliant sources of X-rays, understanding molecular processes relevant to the curing effects of drugs, the transport of bioinformation, or the damage and repair mechanisms of DNA, at the most fundament토토 분석 level, where the borders between physics, chemistry and biology disappear. Once implemented in condensed matter, the new technology will be instrument토토 분석 in advancing electronics and electron-based information technologies to their ultimate speed: from microwave towards lightwave frequencies.
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